കേരള PSC ജൂനിയർ സയന്റിഫിക് അസിസ്റ്റന്റ് സിലബസ് പരിശോധിക്കാം – PDF ഡൗൺലോഡ് ചെയ്യാം: കേരള പബ്ലിക് സർവീസ് കമ്മീഷൻ (കേരള PSC) ജൂനിയർ സയന്റിഫിക് അസിസ്റ്റന്റ് തസ്തികയിലേക്കുള്ള പരീക്ഷയുടെ വിശദമായ സിലബസ് പുറത്തു വിട്ടു. കേരള സംസ്ഥാന മലിനീകരണ നിയന്ത്രണ ബോർഡിൽ ജൂനിയർ സയന്റിഫിക് അസിസ്റ്റന്റ് (കാറ്റഗറി നമ്പർ: 516/2021) തസ്തികയുടെ പരീക്ഷ സിലബസ് ആണിത്. ആകെ 100 മാർക്കിനാണ് സിലബസ് ക്രമീകരിച്ചിരിക്കുന്നത്. ഉദ്യോഗാർത്ഥികൾക്ക് തസ്തികയുടെ സിലബസ് ഇവിടെ പരിശോധിക്കാം.
ജൂനിയർ സയന്റിഫിക് അസിസ്റ്റന്റ് സിലബസ്:
PART I : CHEMISTRY (25 Marks)
- Atomic structure and Chemical bonding Bohr’s atom model , Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle, Schrodinger wave equation , Wave function, Shapes of orbitals, various rules for adding electrons to different orbitals, Ionic bond, Covalent bond, Metallic bond, Coordinate bond and Weak chemical forces (2 marks).
- Periodic table Classification of elements- Periods and groups, Ionisation energy, Electron affinity, Electronegativity – Variation of these properties along a group and a period. (2 marks)
- Analytical Chemistry Titrametric, gravimetric and colorimetric analysis, Errors- Types of errors, accuracy and precision.
Spectroscopic methods – UV-Visible, IR, NMR and Mass spectroscopy.
Separation techniques – Solvent extraction, Extraction of metal ions and organic species from aqueous solutions, principle of Chromatography.
Instrumental techniques – Principle and application of Thermogravimetric analysis and Differential thermal analysis (5 marks)
- Colloids and Surface chemistry
Colloids– Classification, Mechanical, Electrical and Electrokinetic properties of colloids, Surfactants, Micelle formation, Emulsification
Adsorption– Applications, adsorption isotherms- Freundlich, Langmuir and BET theory. (3 marks)
- Green chemistry
Need of green chemistry, Principles of green chemistry, Green solvents, Microwave assisted reactions and ultrasound assisted reactions (3 marks)
- Environmental chemistry Atmospheric structure and composition, Toxic chemicals in environment, Sources and treatment of heavy metal poisoning,
Air pollution –Air pollutants, Green house effect, Global warming, Ozone depletion, control of air pollution
Soil pollution– Soil formation, soil acidification, liming of soil, Industrial and urban wastes
Water pollution– Sources, Eutrophication, BOD, COD, Hardness of water, Domestic water treatment, Sewage treatment.
Noise and radiation pollution– Noise – general features, control of noise pollution. Biological effects of radiation, Radioactive waste management
Chemical toxicology– Toxic chemicals in the environment, Effects of toxic chemicals, Pesticides and its biochemical effects. (10 marks)
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PART II : MICROBIOLOGY (25 Marks)
Techniques in Microbiology (Marks 5)
Microscopy, types of microscopes, advanced techniques in microscopy. Staining techniques- simple, negative, Grams, spore, flagella, acid fast, volutin, capsule and Feulgen staining. Sterilisation and disinfection techniques- Physical and chemical methods- flaming, boiling, autoclaving, inspissation, Heat, Filtration, Radiation. Calorimetry and spectrophotometry, Electrophoretic techniques for proteins and nucleic acids, PCR. Chromatography techniques: adsorption, partition, ion exchange, gel filtration, HPLC, FPLC. Techniques used for identification of microorganisms – biotyping, serotyping, molecular techniques.
General Microbiology and Microbial Physiology (5 Marks)
Comparison of eukaryotes and prokaryote. Archaebacteria and eubacteria. Bacterial forms and arrangement of cells. Actinomycetes, Mold and yeast forms. Viral and bacteriophage forms. Ultrastructure of bacteria. Effect of antibiotics on microbial cells. Structure, function and chemical composition of cell wall and cell membrane. Endospore: Structure, formation, stages of sporulation. Effect of various parameters and Environmental factors on microbial growth. Bacteria classification based on specific requirements-based on temperature, pH, O2 and solute concentration.
Nutritional requirements of bacteria. Nutritional types of bacteria. Modes of bacterial nutrition. Transport of nutrients by bacteria. Solid and liquid media, use of agar. Different types of culture media. Culturing methods-Streak, spread, pour plate methods, stab culture and lawn culture. Cultivation of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. Culture preservation strategies. Growth curve and its significance. Viral growth- lytic and lysogenic stage. Viral cultivation methods. Viral and bacteriophage quantitation methods.
Environmental Microbiology (5 Mark)
Soil Microbiology – Types of soil microbes, role of microorganisms in soil fertility; Factors affecting microbial population – moisture, pH, temperature, organic matter, agronomic practices etc. Aquatic Microbiology: Aquatic environment, distribution of microorganisms in aquatic environment. Factors influencing their growth and distribution. Water Purification procedures for public water supplies, Concept of indicator organisms, Microbiological examination of water. BOD, COD, Wastewater treatment steps and methods. Eutrophication and algal bloom. Brief account of water borne diseases and transmission. Aerobiology – atmospheric layers, organisms in air, distribution and sources. Disease forecasting in plants. Indoor and outdoor air. Droplet nuclei, aerosol, infectious dust. Microbiological sampling of air. Air borne transmission of harmful microbes and air borne infections. Biogeochemical cycle- Role of microorganisms in Carbon, Phosphorous, Nitrogen and sulphur cycles. Microbe-Microbe Interactions. Mutualism, Synergism, Commensalism, Competition, Amensalism, Parasitism, Predation.
Waste management and Xenobiotic metabolism (5 Marks)
Solid waste management- Sources and types of solid waste, need for management, Landfills, composting, vermicomposting, anaerobic digesters, and production of biogas. Design and management of biogas plants. Xenobiotic metabolism – Novel pollutants, persistence and biomagnification. Recalcitrant halocarbons- nitroaromatic compounds, PCB, alkyl benzene sulphonates, and petroleum hydrocarbons – their biodegradation. Bioremediation of polluted environment. Oil spills, heavy Metals and other xenobiotics. Microbial leaching and corrosion of metals.
Food Microbiology (5 Marks)
Food as a substrate for microorganisms. Types of microorganisms in food. Source of contamination. Factors influencing microbial growth in foods. Physical and chemical properties of milk. Milk as a substrate for microorganisms. Types of microorganisms in Milk- bacteria, fungi and yeast. Sources of microbial contamination of milk. Microbiological analysis of milk. Food fermentations: Cheese, bread, yoghurt, idli, fermented pickles and fermented vegetables, Ice cream, – methods and organisms used. SCP, Probiotics and prebiotics. General principles underlying spoilage, spoilage of different kinds of foods. Principles of food preservation. Physical and chemical methods of preservation. Food Sanitation, good manufacturing practices, HACCP and personnel hygiene.
PART III : BIOTECHNOLOGY ( 25 Marks)
Module I- Biophysics and Principle of Instrumentation (3 MARKS)
Principles of thermodynamics:
Laws of conservation of energy- first and second laws and its relevance in the biological system, entropy and enthalpy, Gibbs free energy, bioenergeticsendothermic and exothermic reactions of biological systems, energy change in the biochemical reactions, sources of heat limits to temperature, heat dissipation and conservation.
Colorimetry and Spectrophotometry: Beer-Lambert’s law, visible absorption spectrum, molar extinction coefficient, colorimeter, spectrophotometer, fluorescence, phosphorescence.
Centrifugation: Principle of sedimentation technique, different types of centrifuge and rotors, principle and procedure and application of differential centrifugation, density gradient centrifugation, ultra centrifugation rate zonal centrifugation, Isopycnic centrifugation.
pH meter: Principle and working. Brief account of densitometry, fluorimetry, manometry, polarography, atomic absorption spectroscopy, IR, NMR and X-ray crystallography and Mass spectrometry.
Electrophoresis: Principle, procedure and application of zone electrophoresis-, paper electrophoresis, gel electrophoresis (native PAGE, SDS-PAGE).
Isotopes and radioisotopes: Isotopes and radioisotopes, radiations- ionizing radiations, Application of isotopes and radioisotopes in biological research, radioisotope tracer technique and autoradiography.
Module II Biochemistry & Enzymology ( 2 MARKS)
Normality, molality, molarity, percentage solution, mole fraction, parts per million, simple numerical problems from the above, fundamental principles of diffusion, osmosis, osmotic pressure, carbohydrates, lipids, aminoacids, proteins, nucleic acids – their detection methods, Enzymes- Classification and nomenclature, enzyme activation, enzyme inhibition- competitive and non-competitive, allosteric regulation, purification of enzymes, coenzymes.
Module III Microbiology (3 MARKS)
Bacteria, virus, fungi, protozoa, mycoplasma, concept of microbial species, strains; microbial cell surfaces, Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria, Motility in bacteria, kinds of flagella, nutritional classification of bacteria. Viruses:Viruses, phage culture, Bacteriophage, DNA and RNA phages, T4 phage, Llytic and lysogenic cycles, host cell adsorption and penetration, synthesis phage nucleic acid. Microbes in extreme environments.
Thermophiles and alkalophiles, pathogenic microorganisms- bacteria, fungi, viruses, protozoans and mycoplasma, defense mechanism against microorganisms, symbiosis and antibiosis among microbial population, nitrogène fixing bacteria in agriculture and forestry, photosynthetic bacteria, Role of bacteria in carbon, nitrogen, sulphur and phosphorous cycle in nature.
Bacterial nutrition
Culture media – requirements of bacterial culture media, types and uses, Bacterial growth curve, microbial metabolism, fermentation, different types of fermentation, methanogenic bacteria. Isolation of pure culture: Spread plate, streak plate, pour plate etc., synthetic media, simple and complex media. Isolation of anaerobes and its culture techniques, slant culture and stab culture.
Industrial microbes and their uses
Production of food (dairy and SCP) and drugs (antibiotics such as penicillin & streptomycin), products of fermentation, Strain improvement by enrichment mutation and recombinant DNA technique, production of heterologous proteins of interest in microorganisms.
Control of microorganisms
Physical agents, chemical agents, antibiotics and other therapeutic agents Bacterial cell structure and Growth – Eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells, Glycocalyx, bacterial cell membranes, bacterial cell wall, cytoplasm, spores, organs of locomotion, chemotaxis in bacteria, ribosomes in bacteria, bacterial nucleus and chromosomes, bacterial nucleoid. Bacterial Growth curve, Measurement of growth, factors affecting growth of bacteria. Nutrition in bacteria-classification based on nutrition- autotrophic and heterotrophic organisms, Photosynthetic and chemosynthetic organisms- purple sulfur bacteria, Saprophytes and parasites-pathogenic parasites.
Nutrition in bacteria-classification based on nutrition- autotrophic and heterotrophic organisms, Photosynthetic and chemosynthetic organisms- purple sulfur bacteria, Saprophytes and parasites-pathogenic parasites.
Nitrogen Metabolism– Biological nitrogen fixation, symbiotic nitrogen fixation, components involved in the process of nitrogen fixation, Inorganic nitrogen metabolism, assimilation of inorganic nitrogen, Nitrogen cycle. Energy production in bacteria- Energy and ATP, aerobic respiration, Glycolysis and tricarboxylic acid cycle, Electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation in Bacteria, catabolism of other carbohydrates.Photosynthesis in bacteria Anaerobic respiration- Fermentation, alcohol fermentation by yeasts and bacteria, lactic acid fermentation, Methnogenic bacteria, Acetobacter and acetic acid fermentation. Application of bacterial metabolism in industry and agriculture, economically important bacteria – lactic acid bacteria, nitrogen fixing bacteria etc. Lichens, mycorrhizae, pollution indicators etc. Lichens, mycorrhizae, pollution indicators etc.
Microbial Diseases of Humans
Airborne bacterial diseases – streptococcal; diseases, tuberculosis, Pneumococcal Pneumonia, Klebsiella Pneumonia, Foodborne and waterborne bacterial diseases- Foodborne and waterborne intoxications-Botulism, Staphylococcal food poisoning; Foodborne and waterborne infections- Typhoid fever, salmonellosis, Cholera, Shigellosis, E.coli Diarrheas, Brucellosis Soilborne bacterial diseases- Anthrax, Tetanus, Leptospirosis, Viral diseases of Humans- Pneumotropic viral diseases-Influenza, Adenoviral infections, Rhinoviral infections, Dermatoviral diseases- Herpes simplex, chickenpox, Measles, Rubella, Viscerotropic Viral diseases- yellow fever, Dengue fever, Neurotropic viral diseases- rabies, Polio.
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